See hypergamy on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér"
],
[
"*hupér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hupér"
],
[
"ῠ̔πέρ",
"ὑπέρ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ῠ̔περ-",
"ὑπερ-#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"hyper-",
"hyper-#English"
],
[
"*ǵem-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵem-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_marry"
],
[
"γᾰ́μος",
"γάμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-i-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_i-extension"
],
[
"*-íā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íā"
],
[
"-ῐ́ᾱ",
"-ία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-γαμία",
"-γαμία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-gamy",
"-gamy#English"
],
[
"hyper-",
"hyper-#English"
],
[
"-gamy",
"-gamy#English"
]
],
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{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "hyper-",
"4": "-gamy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Hellenic *hupér\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔περ- (hŭper-)der.\nEnglish hyper-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵem-der.\nAncient Greek γᾰ́μος (gắmos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -γαμία (-gamía)bor.\nEnglish -gamy\nEnglish hypergamy\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*hupér\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔πέρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔περ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hyper-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"marriage\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to marry\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵem-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γᾰ́μος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γαμία\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-gamy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hypergamy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hypergamy\">\nFrom hyper- + -gamy.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Hellenic *hupér\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔περ- (hŭper-)der.\nEnglish hyper-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵem-der.\nAncient Greek γᾰ́μος (gắmos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -γαμία (-gamía)bor.\nEnglish -gamy\nEnglish hypergamy\nFrom hyper- + -gamy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hypergamies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "hypergamy (usually uncountable, plural hypergamies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hypogamy"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with hyper-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -gamy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "en:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
126,
135
]
],
"ref": "2012 November 2, Stephanie Coontz, “The M.R.S. and the Ph.D.”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "From 1940 to the mid-1970s, the tendency for men to marry down educationally became more pronounced and the cultural ideal of hypergamy — that women must marry up — became more insistent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
65
]
],
"ref": "2025 July 29, Jesse McKinley, “David Geffen’s Divorce Gives New Meaning to Hypergamy”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "A lawsuit against David Geffen mentions a website where hypergamy — dating above your station — is celebrated. But the word carries darker intonations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status or caste status than oneself."
],
"id": "en-hypergamy-en-noun-dBL8-0yQ",
"links": [
[
"spouse",
"spouse"
],
[
"socioeconomic",
"socioeconomic"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hypergamic"
},
{
"word": "hypergamical"
},
{
"word": "hypergamically"
},
{
"word": "hypergamist"
},
{
"word": "hypergamous"
},
{
"word": "hypergamously"
},
{
"word": "hypergyny"
},
{
"word": "monogamy"
},
{
"word": "polygamy"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "marry up"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "上嫁"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "hypergamia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinaufheiraten"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gipergamija",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "гипергамия"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hypergami"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɚɡəmi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypergamy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "hypergamy"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér"
],
[
"*hupér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hupér"
],
[
"ῠ̔πέρ",
"ὑπέρ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ῠ̔περ-",
"ὑπερ-#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"hyper-",
"hyper-#English"
],
[
"*ǵem-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵem-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_marry"
],
[
"γᾰ́μος",
"γάμος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*-i-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_i-extension"
],
[
"*-íā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íā"
],
[
"-ῐ́ᾱ",
"-ία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-γαμία",
"-γαμία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-gamy",
"-gamy#English"
],
[
"hyper-",
"hyper-#English"
],
[
"-gamy",
"-gamy#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "hyper-",
"4": "-gamy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Hellenic *hupér\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔περ- (hŭper-)der.\nEnglish hyper-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵem-der.\nAncient Greek γᾰ́μος (gắmos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -γαμία (-gamía)bor.\nEnglish -gamy\nEnglish hypergamy\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*hupér\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔πέρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔περ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hyper-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"marriage\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to marry\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵem-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γᾰ́μος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γαμία\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-gamy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"hypergamy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"hypergamy\">\nFrom hyper- + -gamy.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Hellenic *hupér\nAncient Greek ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔περ- (hŭper-)der.\nEnglish hyper-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵem-der.\nAncient Greek γᾰ́μος (gắmos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -γαμία (-gamía)bor.\nEnglish -gamy\nEnglish hypergamy\nFrom hyper- + -gamy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hypergamies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "hypergamy (usually uncountable, plural hypergamies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hypergamic"
},
{
"word": "hypergamical"
},
{
"word": "hypergamically"
},
{
"word": "hypergamist"
},
{
"word": "hypergamous"
},
{
"word": "hypergamously"
},
{
"word": "hypergyny"
},
{
"word": "monogamy"
},
{
"word": "polygamy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hypogamy"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵem-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with hyper-",
"English terms suffixed with -gamy",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Marriage"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
126,
135
]
],
"ref": "2012 November 2, Stephanie Coontz, “The M.R.S. and the Ph.D.”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "From 1940 to the mid-1970s, the tendency for men to marry down educationally became more pronounced and the cultural ideal of hypergamy — that women must marry up — became more insistent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
65
]
],
"ref": "2025 July 29, Jesse McKinley, “David Geffen’s Divorce Gives New Meaning to Hypergamy”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "A lawsuit against David Geffen mentions a website where hypergamy — dating above your station — is celebrated. But the word carries darker intonations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status or caste status than oneself."
],
"links": [
[
"spouse",
"spouse"
],
[
"socioeconomic",
"socioeconomic"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "marry up"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɚɡəmi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypergamy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-hypergamy.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "上嫁"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "hypergamia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hypergamie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinaufheiraten"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hypergami"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gipergamija",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"word": "гипергамия"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipergamia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "hypergamy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hypergami"
}
],
"word": "hypergamy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hypergamy meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.